What are the 7 conditions of demand (PIRATES)?
- Population
- Income
- Related goods
- Advertising
- Tastes
- Expectations
- Seasons
What factors influence PED?
- Availability of substitutes
- Time period
- Necessity or luxury
- Percentage of income spent
- Durability of the good
Why do negative externalities cause market failure?
- The market overproduces and overconsumes, creating a welfare loss
Define allocative efficiency
- When resources are used to produce exactly what consumers want, maximising utility
- It occurs when price equals the marginal cost of production
What are the characteristics of a monopoly?
- Single seller
- High barriers to entry
- Price maker
- Profit maximisation
- Potential price discrimination, with supernormal profits possible in both the short and long run
What is the fiscal multiplier?
- The total change in real national income resulting from an initial change in government spending
- Multiplier = 1 ÷ (1 − MPC)
What is a positive output gap?
- When actual GDP exceeds potential GDP, causing inflationary pressure
How can rapid economic growth cause inflation?
- If aggregate demand grows faster than productive capacity, demand-pull inflation occurs
What are the 7 conditions of demand (PIRATES)?
- Population
- Income
- Related goods
- Advertising
- Tastes
- Expectations
- Seasons
What factors influence PED?
- Availability of substitutes
- Time period
- Necessity or luxury
- Percentage of income spent
- Durability of the good
Why do negative externalities cause market failure?
- The market overproduces and overconsumes, creating a welfare loss
Define allocative efficiency
- When resources are used to produce exactly what consumers want, maximising utility
- It occurs when price equals the marginal cost of production
What are the characteristics of a monopoly?
- Single seller
- High barriers to entry
- Price maker
- Profit maximisation
- Potential price discrimination, with supernormal profits possible in both the short and long run
What is the fiscal multiplier?
- The total change in real national income resulting from an initial change in government spending
- Multiplier = 1 ÷ (1 − MPC)
What is a positive output gap?
- When actual GDP exceeds potential GDP, causing inflationary pressure
How can rapid economic growth cause inflation?
- If aggregate demand grows faster than productive capacity, demand-pull inflation occurs
Why might a current account deficit not be a problem?
- If it is financed by productive long-term investment rather than short-term borrowing
What are the benefits of immigration?
- More skilled workers
- Higher productivity
- Higher LRAS
- Innovation
- Multiplier effects
- Filling skills gaps
- Higher tax revenue
Edexcel A-Level Economics Flashcards
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What's inside
Edexcel A-Level Economics Flashcards
Digital flashcards covering the full Edexcel A-Level Economics course. Choose Paper 1 (Micro), Paper 2 (Macro), or get both papers and save.
Built to help you revise efficiently, link ideas together and write strong chains of reasoning under exam pressure.
Choose your option:
Paper 1 – Microeconomics: Themes 1 & 3
Paper 2 – Macroeconomics: Themes 2 & 4
Paper 1 & 2: the full course, all four themes
What's included:
Key definitions and equations
Strong chains of analysis for top-band answers
KAA and evaluation built in
Compatible with Quizlet and Anki
Paper 1 topics:
Theme 1: Introduction to Markets and Market Failure
1.1 Nature of Economics
1.2 How Markets Work
1.3 Market Failure
1.4 Government Intervention
Theme 3: Business Behaviour and the Labour Market
3.1 Business Growth
3.2 Business Objectives
3.3 Revenues, Costs and Profits
3.4 Market Structures
3.5 Labour Markets
3.6 Government Intervention
Paper 2 topics:
Theme 2: The UK Economy – Performance and Policies
2.1 Measures of Economic Performance
2.2 Aggregate Demand
2.3 Aggregate Supply
2.4 National Income
2.5 Economic Growth
2.6 Macroeconomic Objectives and Policies
Theme 4: A Global Perspective
4.1 International Economics
4.2 Poverty and Inequality
4.3 Emerging and Developing Economies
4.4 The Financial Sector
4.5 Role of the State in the Macroeconomy
Format: Digital download
Exam board: Pearson Edexcel
Course: A-Level Economics
Assessment: Paper 1, Paper 2, or both
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